Viral meningitis is an infection caused by viruses and bacterial meningitis is an infection caused by bacteria. Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis in the uk, but bacterial meningitis continues to be important, with a high mortality. The median length of hospital stay for patients with viral meningitis was 4 days iqr 37, increasing to 9 days 612 in those treated with antivirals. It is often less severe than bacterial meningitis, and most people get better on their own without treatment. Its typically mild and goes away without treatment. Bacterial meningitis is very serious because its onset is rapid and the infection is associated with a significant risk of death. Akute eitrige meningitis beim kind swiss medical forum. Meningitis is an infection of the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord meninges. Meningitis knowledge for medical students and physicians. Almost all of the cases occur as single, isolated events. Stroke konnen ebenfalls eine virale meningitis verur sachen. Bacterial meningitis was an infrequent cause of community. Findings 1126 patients were enrolled between sept 30, 2011, and sept 30, 2014.
Viral meningitis is an infection of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. In deutschland wurden im jahr 2014 275 falle 59, in osterreich 2014. It can be treated with appropriate antibiotics that also prevents spread. Meningitis is an inflammation of the tissue that covers the brain and spinal cord that can be caused by several different types of, as well as viruses and fungibacteria. The health center has been tracking these cases carefully in close collaboration with the prince georges county health department and the state health department. There are important differences between viral, fungal, and bacterial meningitis, in terms of their severity, how common they are, and the way they are treated. Patients generally recover from viral meningitis without receiving any treatment and have little or no longterm consequences. Meningitis is an infection of the meninges, the membrane covering the brain. The most common types of viruses that cause meningitis are enteroviruses. The estimated annual incidence of viral meningitis was 273 per 100 000 and that of bacterial meningitis was 124 per 100 000.
Viral meningitis is most commonly caused by the enteroviruses and is self. Analysis of enterovirus types in patients with symptoms of. Aseptic meningitis, defined as an acute infectious disease with cerebrospinal fluid csf negative for bacteria, is most frequently due to viral infection han et al. Viral meningitis is caused by viruses found in saliva, blood, nose drainage, and bowel movements. Of the known causes, bacterial meningitis and west nile virus were more common in older than younger adults. Meningitis, viral page 97 acute communicable disease control 2016 annual morbidity report meningitis, viral acases per 100,000 population description viruses are the major cause of aseptic meningitis syndrome, a term used to define any meningitis infectious or noninfectious. Attributes of good guidelines include validity, reliability, reproducibility, clinical applicability, clinical flexibility, clarity, multidisciplinary process. Meningitis can be very serious if not treated quickly. Viral meningitis is an infection of the meninges the covering of the brain and spinal cord that is caused by a virus. Viral meningitis plano independent school district. November 2014, 2017a, 2018a viral meningitis what is viral meningitis. Viral meningitis is an infection of the meninges a thin lining covering the brain and spinal cord by any one of a number of different viruses. Viral and bacterial meningitis is the inflammation of the meninges, the tissues and fluid covering the brain and spinal cord.
The most common symptoms are fever, headache, and neck stiffness. Viral meningitis is also called aseptic meningitis. Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis. Pending results of csf cultures and virologic studies, the results of the initial evaluation can be used to make a provisional diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, viral meningitis, or unclear etiology. Health center guidance on viral meningitis and viral. Viral meningitis is a virusborne inflammation of the meninges, which are the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis viral meningitis should be excluded from. From june 2014, to february 2016, 170 patients with suspected viral meningitis were identified by active daytime surveillance in couto maia hospital hcm, salvadorba, brazil. Meningitis is a serious infection of the meninges in the brain or spinal cord that is most commonly viral or bacterial in origin, although fungal, parasitic, and noninfectious causes are also possible.
The virus is spread from an infected person to another through coughing, kissing, or sharing food or drinks. This is particularly true for one with a cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytic. Incidence, etiology, and outcome of bacterial meningitis. Conclusions we found moderate evidence that surviving bacterial meningitis has a deleterious impact on iq and development but no evidence that viral meningitis had meaningful cognitive impacts. Thus, the best way to prevent viral meningitis is to prevent the spread of viral infections. There is no specific treatment for viral meningitis. The estimated annual incidence of viral meningitis was 273 per 100 000 and that of bacterial meningitis was. Virale meningoenzephalitis deutsche gesellschaft fur neurologie.
Neonates and young infants have the highest incidence of bacterial meningitis of any age group 1, 2, together with a high risk of death and of longterm neurodevelopmental sequelae. Vaccination is available through a health care provider or at the hamilton health centre, 67 victoria street, hamilton. Most patients do not need brain imaging before lumbar puncture. It can affect anyone, but is most common in babies, young children, teenagers and young adults. First, the introduction of conjugate vaccines in europe resulted in the virtual disappearance of. A total of 22 epidemic events met the inclusion criteria. Viral meningitis is a virusborne inflammation of the meninges, which are the. Pdf akute, bakterielle oder virale entzundungen des zentralen. Meningitis wisconsin department of health services. Some of the most common causes of bacterial meningitis include neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus. Clinical features and diagnosis in children, section on diagnosis. Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease of the membranes lining the brain resulting in a high mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Confirmed viral meningitis with normal csf findings bmj.
The us fungal meningitis outbreak had important implications with respect to medication administration safety as well as the evaluation and treatment of emerging fungal meningitis cases. Enteroviruses and herpes simplex virus are the leading causes of viral meningitis, while neisseria meningitidis and streptococcus pneumoniae are the pathogens most commonly responsible. There are no vaccines for the most common causes of viral meningitis. Meningitis is an infection of the tissues covering the brain and spinal cord meninges. In general, meningitis caused by a virus is less serious than meningitis caused. You may also get a type of viral meningitis if you are bitten by a mosquito that carries the west nile virus. Report for the who meningitis guideline revision may 2014.
Viral vs bacterial meningitis middlesexlondon health unit. Practice guidelines are systematically developed statements to assist practitioners and patients in making decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances. Viral meningitis nonbacterial meningitis fact sheet. Viral meningitis is more common in the summer and early fall. Bacterial meningitis was less likely if the csf glucose levels of 20 to 50 or if the csfblood glucose ratio was greater than 0. It results in inflammation of the meninges the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Can we use clinical characteristics to predict the absence. Epidemiology of meningitis and encephalitis in the united. Clinical features are poor discriminators for meningitis, so urgent investigations, starting with lumbar puncture, are key.
Meningitis is an acute inflammation o the pertective membranes coverin the harn and spinal cord, kent collectively as the meninges references. Meningitis is usually caused by a virus or a bacterium. Viral meningitis and bacterial meningitis are both characterised by acute onset of fever, headache, photophobia, and neck stiffness, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Earlier this week, the university of maryland health center confirmed cases of viral meningitis and viral syndromes on campus. This could be a person with meningitis or the more ordinary infection caused by that germ. Its far less severe than bacterial meningitis, and generally only produces mild symptoms, such as headache, nausea, brightlight sensitivity, and lethargy. Meningitis is an inflammation of the tissues that cover the brain and spinal cord. A variety of organisms including different bacteria, fungi or viruses, can cause meningitis. The virus is spread from an infected person to another by coughing, kissing, or sharing food or drinks. Viral meningitis is diagnosed using laboratory tests e. Impact of meningitis on intelligence and development. Viral meningitis is the most common type of meningitis, an inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord.
Vsu student health center nursing staff what is meningitis. Physicians often recommend rest, plenty of fluids, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs to relieve fever and headache. Viral meningitis in children what you need to know. Several viral etiologies of chronic meningitis and meningoencephalitis exist, including primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, cytomegalovirus.
A study of 26429 adults with meningitis or encephalitis in the us describes the management decisions and outcomes stratified by the most common etiolo. Meningococcal meningitis is caused by the bacteria neisseria meningitidis, and. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. A rare kind of viral meningitis can be spread by insect bites. Different viruses can cause meningitis there are 4 other causes of meningitis besides viruses. August 2014 viral meningitis fact sheet what is viral meningitis. Meningitis is an acute inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges. In england and wales, two populationbased neonatal meningitis studies were conducted in the 1980s and 1990s and reported similar incidence rates of 0. Viral meningitis viral meningitis is the most common but least severe form of meningitis. All events occurred in countries of the meningitis belt between 2002 2014. Spanos and colleagues 41 found that a csf glucose of 18 mgdl or less or a csfblood glucose ratio of less than 0.
Meningococcal meningitis, a bacterial form of meningitis, is a serious infection of the meninges that affects the brain membrane. Specifically, aseptic meningitis is associated with various viruses, among which evs are the most common etiology khetsuriani et. Ginocchio, epidemiology of meningitis and encephalitis in the united states, 20112014, clinical infectious diseases, volume 65. Viral meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges the covering of the brain and spinal cord caused by infection with a virus. Incidence, aetiology, and sequelae of viral meningitis in.
Other symptoms include confusion or altered consciousness, vomiting, and an inability to tolerate light or loud noises. Viral meningitis, also known as aseptic meningitis, is a type of meningitis due to a viral infection. Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is caused by an infection with one of several types of viruses. Your child may also get a type of viral meningitis if he is bitten by a mosquito that carries the west nile virus. Viral meningitis is a notifiable disease in england and wales, but many cases undoubtedly go unreported. Viral vs bacterial meningitis fact sheet pdf 80kb view, download and print the viral vs bacterial meningitis fact sheet. Viral meningitis is generally associated with a raised wcc with a lymphocyte predominance in the csf. Bacterial meningitis an overview sciencedirect topics.
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